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Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking and behavior.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia in the world.
It is a slow, progressive decline in mental function, including memory, thinking, judgment and the ability to learn, characterized by degeneration of brain tissue, accumulation of a protein and the development of tangles (tangles) of neurons.
In Alzheimer’s disease, two proteins (amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau) are deposited in the brain early, even before the onset of the first symptoms.
Three phases can be distinguished in the disease: a preclinical phase, in which, although there are subjective cognitive complaints, neuropsychological performance on tests is normal; a prodromal phase, in which patients present cognitive symptoms and objectifiable failures on examination with no impact on activities of daily living; and a dementia phase, in which cognitive impairment already affects the patient’s functionality.
The most common symptoms are:
The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is based on the clinical information provided by the patient and his companions, and the data obtained in the physical and cognitive examination of the patient.
It is always necessary to rule out treatable causes of cognitive impairment, so a blood test and a brain imaging study (such as a CT scan or MRI) are usually performed.
The possible complications of Alzheimer’s disease depend on the stage of the patient.
Acute complications would be, for example:
While in the chronic complications we can observe:
Advances in stem cell technology have provided a perspective for the treatment of incurable neurodegenerative diseases.
It has been shown that MSCs can restore degenerated neuronal networks, and thus cognitive function, as well as reduce beta-amyloid deposits, helping to counteract the amnestic symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
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