Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

It occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use it properly and glucose remains in the blood, raising blood sugar levels

What is it?

In this disease, the immune system mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing cells: the beta cells of the pancreas; lacking insulin, the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins cannot be carried out correctly, so glucose accumulates in the bloodstream.

This occurs mostly during childhood and adolescence; the triggering of this autoimmune attack is produced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as viruses. 

Signs & Symptoms

The main symptoms before the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus are:

  • Tiredness.
  • Weight loss.
  • Intense thirst.
  • Continuous urine production, even at night.
 

diagnosis

The diagnosis is usually simple since it is determined by a clearly elevated blood glucose value (usually above 200 mg/dl)

Complications

Uncontrolled elevation in blood glucose and the so-called ketone bodies (which are produced in the liver by an excess of fats released into the bloodstream in situations of high insulin deficiency) is particularly serious, since, without treatment, it is life-threatening when it reaches the extreme of the so-called ketoacidotic coma.

Stem Cells

Cell therapy seeks to achieve an inexhaustible source of insulin-producing cells from mesenchymal stem cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into insulin-producing beta cells.

MSC treatment provides a long-lasting reversal of autoimmunity, allowing islet beta-cell regeneration and improved glycemic control.

The regenerative potential of stem cells can be harnessed to make available a self-replenishing supply of glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells and their immunomodulatory properties may prevent disease recurrence.

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